Goods are consumables that are crafted using bushels and Crafting Cottages. As the feature is not complete yet, goods currently award a fuel bonus to farmers upon use; they will eventually give various boosts around the farm.
Using x as the good level, the formula to find out how much a good costs is 900 + (100 * (x - 1)) coins, capped at 10,900 coins. The formula to find out how much fuel a good will give is 30 + (50 * (x - 1)) units of fuel.